namespace Automattic\WooCommerce\Caching;
* Base class for caching objects (or associative arrays) that have a unique identifier.
* At the very least, derived classes need to implement the 'get_object_type' method,
* but usually it will be convenient to override some of the other protected members.
* The actual caching is delegated to an instance of CacheEngine. By default WpCacheEngine is used,
* but a different engine can be used by either overriding the get_cache_engine_instance method
* or capturing the wc_object_cache_get_engine filter.
* Objects are identified by ids that are either integers or strings. The actual cache keys passed
* to the cache engine will be prefixed with the object type and a random string. The 'flush' operation
* just forces the generation a new prefix and lets the old cached objects expire.
abstract class ObjectCache {
* Expiration value to be passed to 'set' to use the value of $default_expiration.
public const DEFAULT_EXPIRATION = -1;
* Maximum expiration time value, in seconds, that can be passed to 'set'.
public const MAX_EXPIRATION = MONTH_IN_SECONDS;
* This needs to be set in each derived class.
* Default value for the duration of the objects in the cache, in seconds
* (may not be used depending on the cache engine used WordPress cache implementation).
protected $default_expiration = HOUR_IN_SECONDS;
* Temporarily used when retrieving data in 'get'.
private $last_cached_data;
* The cache engine to use.
private $cache_engine = null;
* Gets an identifier for the types of objects cached by this class.
* This identifier will be used to compose the keys passed to the cache engine.
* It must be unique for each class inheriting from ObjectCache.
abstract public function get_object_type(): string;
* Creates a new instance of the class.
* @throws CacheException If get_object_type returns null or an empty string.
public function __construct() {
$this->object_type = $this->get_object_type();
if ( empty( $this->object_type ) ) {
throw new CacheException( 'Class ' . get_class( $this ) . ' returns an empty value for get_object_type', $this );
* Get the default expiration time for cached objects, in seconds.
public function get_default_expiration_value(): int {
return $this->default_expiration;
* Get the cache engine to use and cache it internally.
private function get_cache_engine(): CacheEngine {
if ( null === $this->cache_engine ) {
$engine = $this->get_cache_engine_instance();
* Filters the underlying cache engine to be used by an instance of ObjectCache.
* @param CacheEngine $engine The cache engine to be used by default.
* @param ObjectCache $cache_instance The instance of ObjectCache that will use the cache engine.
* @returns CacheEngine The actual cache engine that will be used.
$this->cache_engine = apply_filters( 'wc_object_cache_get_engine', $engine, $this );
return $this->cache_engine;
* Add an object to the cache, or update an already cached object.
* @param object|array $object The object to be cached.
* @param int|string|null $id Id of the object to be cached, if null, get_object_id will be used to get it.
* @param int $expiration Expiration of the cached data in seconds from the current time, or DEFAULT_EXPIRATION to use the default value.
* @return bool True on success, false on error.
* @throws CacheException Invalid parameter, or null id was passed and get_object_id returns null too.
public function set( $object, $id = null, int $expiration = self::DEFAULT_EXPIRATION ): bool {
if ( null === $object ) {
throw new CacheException( "Can't cache a null value", $this, $id );
if ( ! is_array( $object ) && ! is_object( $object ) ) {
throw new CacheException( "Can't cache a non-object, non-array value", $this, $id );
if ( ! is_string( $id ) && ! is_int( $id ) && ! is_null( $id ) ) {
throw new CacheException( "Object id must be an int, a string, or null for 'set'", $this, $id );
$this->verify_expiration_value( $expiration );
$errors = $this->validate( $object );
if ( ! is_null( $errors ) ) {
$id = $this->get_id_from_object_if_null( $object, $id );
} catch ( \Throwable $ex ) { // phpcs:ignore Generic.CodeAnalysis.EmptyStatement.DetectedCatch
// Nothing else to do, we won't be able to add any significant object id to the CacheException and that's it.
if ( count( $errors ) === 1 ) {
throw new CacheException( 'Object validation/serialization failed: ' . $errors[0], $this, $id, $errors );
} elseif ( ! empty( $errors ) ) {
throw new CacheException( 'Object validation/serialization failed', $this, $id, $errors );
$id = $this->get_id_from_object_if_null( $object, $id );
$this->last_cached_data = $object;
return $this->get_cache_engine()->cache_object(
self::DEFAULT_EXPIRATION === $expiration ? $this->default_expiration : $expiration,
* Update an object in the cache, but only if an object is already cached with the same id.
* @param object|array $object The new object that will replace the already cached one.
* @param int|string|null $id Id of the object to be cached, if null, get_object_id will be used to get it.
* @param int $expiration Expiration of the cached data in seconds from the current time, or DEFAULT_EXPIRATION to use the default value.
* @return bool True on success, false on error or if no object with the supplied id was cached.
* @throws CacheException Invalid parameter, or null id was passed and get_object_id returns null too.
public function update_if_cached( $object, $id = null, int $expiration = self::DEFAULT_EXPIRATION ): bool {
$id = $this->get_id_from_object_if_null( $object, $id );
if ( ! $this->is_cached( $id ) ) {
return $this->set( $object, $id, $expiration );
* Get the id from an object if the id itself is null.
* @param object|array $object The object to get the id from.
* @param int|string|null $id An object id or null.
* @return int|string|null Passed $id if it wasn't null, otherwise id obtained from $object using get_object_id.
* @throws CacheException Passed $id is null and get_object_id returned null too.
private function get_id_from_object_if_null( $object, $id ) {
$id = $this->get_object_id( $object );
throw new CacheException( "Null id supplied and the cache class doesn't implement get_object_id", $this );
* Check if the given expiration time value is valid, throw an exception if not.
* @param int $expiration Expiration time to check.
* @throws CacheException Expiration time is negative or higher than MAX_EXPIRATION.
private function verify_expiration_value( int $expiration ): void {
if ( self::DEFAULT_EXPIRATION !== $expiration && ( ( $expiration < 1 ) || ( $expiration > self::MAX_EXPIRATION ) ) ) {
throw new CacheException( 'Invalid expiration value, must be ObjectCache::DEFAULT_EXPIRATION or a value between 1 and ObjectCache::MAX_EXPIRATION', $this );
* Retrieve a cached object, and if no object is cached with the given id,
* try to get one via get_from_datastore method or by supplying a callback and then cache it.
* If you want to provide a callable but still use the default expiration value,
* pass "ObjectCache::DEFAULT_EXPIRATION" as the second parameter.
* @param int|string $id The id of the object to retrieve.
* @param int $expiration Expiration of the cached data in seconds from the current time, used if an object is retrieved from datastore and cached.
* @param callable|null $get_from_datastore_callback Optional callback to get the object if it's not cached, it must return an object/array or null.
* @return object|array|null Cached object, or null if it's not cached and can't be retrieved from datastore or via callback.
* @throws CacheException Invalid id parameter.
public function get( $id, int $expiration = self::DEFAULT_EXPIRATION, ?callable $get_from_datastore_callback = null ) {
if ( ! is_string( $id ) && ! is_int( $id ) ) {
throw new CacheException( "Object id must be an int or a string for 'get'", $this );
$this->verify_expiration_value( $expiration );
$data = $this->get_cache_engine()->get_cached_object( $id, $this->get_object_type() );
if ( $get_from_datastore_callback ) {
$object = $get_from_datastore_callback( $id );
if ( null === $object ) {
$this->set( $object, $id, $expiration );
$data = $this->last_cached_data;
* Remove an object from the cache.
* @param int|string $id The id of the object to remove.
* @return bool True if the object is removed from the cache successfully, false otherwise (because the object wasn't cached or for other reason).
public function remove( $id ): bool {
return $this->get_cache_engine()->delete_cached_object( $id, $this->get_object_type() );
* Remove all the objects from the cache.
* @return bool True on success, false on error.
public function flush(): bool {
return $this->get_cache_engine()->delete_cache_group( $this->get_object_type() );
* Is a given object cached?
* @param int|string $id The id of the object to check.
* @return bool True if there's a cached object with the specified id.
public function is_cached( $id ): bool {
return $this->get_cache_engine()->is_cached( $id, $this->get_object_type() );
* Get the id of an object. This is used by 'set' when a null id is passed.
* If the object id can't be determined the method must return null.
* @param array|object $object The object to get the id for.
* @return int|string|null
abstract protected function get_object_id( $object );
* Validate an object before it's cached.
* @param array|object $object Object to validate.
* @return array|null An array with validation error messages, null or an empty array if there are no errors.
abstract protected function validate( $object ): ?array;
* Get the instance of the cache engine to use.
protected function get_cache_engine_instance(): CacheEngine {
return wc_get_container()->get( WPCacheEngine::class );
* Get a random string to be used to compose the cache key prefix.
* It should return a different string each time.
protected function get_random_string(): string {
return dechex( microtime( true ) * 1000 ) . bin2hex( random_bytes( 8 ) );
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